Module 01 · Chapter 1

Fundamentals & Chart of Accounts

Six topics covering the foundation of bookkeeping — from the accounting equation to your first bank reconciliation. Work through each topic in order, take the quiz, then move to the next.

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Chapter 1 Topics

Work through each topic in order.

Chapter 1 Practical Exercise

Complete these exercises after finishing all 6 topics to test your understanding.

Exercise 1: Set Up a Chart of Accounts

Create a chart of accounts for a small bakery. Include at least 3 asset accounts, 2 liability accounts, 1 equity account, 2 revenue accounts, and 4 expense accounts. Assign account numbers using the standard ranges.

Exercise 2: Record Transactions

Record these transactions using double-entry bookkeeping:

  1. Owner invests ₱50,000 cash into the business
  2. Bakery pays ₱15,000 for rent
  3. Bakery sells ₱8,000 worth of bread (cash sale)
  4. Bakery buys ₱5,000 worth of flour on credit
  5. Bakery pays ₱12,000 for payroll

For each, identify which accounts are debited and credited.

Exercise 3: Bank Reconciliation

Given: Bank statement ending balance ₱45,000, book balance ₱42,500, outstanding checks ₱3,500, deposit in transit ₱1,000, bank fee not recorded ₱500. Find the adjusted book balance.

Chapter 1 Cheat Sheet

Debit / Credit Rules

  • Assets & Expenses: Debit to increase
  • Liabilities, Equity & Revenue: Credit to increase
  • Every entry: total debits = total credits

Account Numbering

  • 1000s = Assets
  • 2000s = Liabilities
  • 3000s = Equity
  • 4000s = Revenue
  • 5000s = Expenses

3 Financial Statements

  • Balance Sheet: What we own vs. owe
  • Income Statement: Profit or loss
  • Cash Flow: Cash in and out

Reconciliation Steps

  • Match starting balances
  • Tick off matching transactions
  • Add bank-only items
  • Account for outstanding items
  • Difference must be zero